The occurrence of one or more of the cancers followed in intact males was a high 15 percent and for intact females 5 percent. In intact males and females, there was a 5 and zero percent occurrence of cancers, respectively. Still, the long-term health implications were believed to be overwhelmingly positive. Neutering males and females was not associated with any evident increased risk in joint disorders. Copyright 2022 Golden Retriever Society, link to 9 Critical Steps to Raising a Golden Retriever Puppy, link to Flat Coated Retriever vs Golden Retriever: Compare the 2 Breeds, When to Spay and Neuter Golden Retrievers. The popular Poodle breed provides another example, where there are three major varieties in size, the Standard, Miniature, and Toy. None of the females was diagnosed with UI. The occurrence of MC in intact females was 2 percent and for PYO, 7 percent. It is nothing to worry about. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). was 7 percent and at 1 year this measure reached a significant 18 percent (p <0.01). However, it seems reasonable, that if MC was a common occurrence in intact females that this disease would have been more frequent in the intact females followed. In her veterinary practice, Hartung takes time to learn about the lifestyle and goals of pet owners. Supported by the Canine Health Foundation (#01488-A), the Center for Companion Animal Health, University of California, Davis (# 2009-54-F/M), and Versatility in Poodles. about navigating our updated article layout. However, both intact males and females have low levels of joint disorders, just 1 and 2 percent, respectively. Modern medications and monitoring equipment mean that the risks are relatively low, but they certainly exist. Some pet parents also do it to control aggressive or highly sexualized behavior, or to protect a dog from repeated and unwanted pregnancies. The reverse rule of thumb was used with cancers where the first test examined was the Wilcoxon test, since the risk of cancer is expected to be higher in older dogs. was associated with a 20 and 15 percent level of increased risk (p <0.01), and spaying at 12 years with a 5 percent risk level (p <0.05). In light of the significant increase in cancers in males with neutering through 11 months of age, the suggested guideline for males is delaying neutering to beyond a year of age. Neutering can help prevent excessive territorial behavior in male dogs and also reduce their risk for common cancers. The study population was 104 intact males, 112 neutered males, 77 intact females, and 139 spayed females for a total sample of 432 cases. A search for a quality Golden Retriever to handle in junior showmanship led Liz Bultman to breeder Rhonda Hovan. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'goldenretrieversociety_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_9',112,'0','0'])};if(typeof __ez_fad_position!='undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-goldenretrieversociety_com-large-leaderboard-2-0')};Most veterinarians recommended spaying before your pup is 6 months of age. The picture is very different for spaying females where the increased risk of cancers started with spaying at 6-11 mo., reaching 18 percent with spaying at year 1. There was a 7 percent occurrence of PYO in intact females. The suggested guideline for males is neutering beyond 6 months of age. Neutering was not associated with any increase in this measure in either sex. All of the above diseases were examined with regard to dogs neutered in one of the age periods of: <6 mo., 611 mo., 1 year (12 to <24 mo.) Lacking a significant occurrence of increased joint disorders or cancers in neutered females, those wishing to neuter should decide on the appropriate age. Wait at least a year before the operation so they have enough time to develop in a normal hormonal state. The occurrence of at least one joint disorder in intact males was 5 percent and for intact females 6 percent. The occurrence of MC in intact females was 6 percent and in those spayed at 28 years, 6 percent. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help As mentioned, age at neutering was designated as <6 mo., 611 mo., 1 year (12 to <24 mo. Looking at the occurrences of these joint disorders and cancers, it is clear that most breeds are unaffected for these diseases by age of neutering. The suggested guideline for females, based on the increased occurrence of cancers at all spaying ages, is leaving the female intact or spaying at one year and remaining vigilant for the cancers. The next step could be to refer to summary paragraphs in the Results section, which present the major findings with a suggested guideline for neutering age. Lacking a noticeable occurrence of increased joint disorders or cancers in neutered males or females, those wishing to neuter should decide on the appropriate age. They can properly assess your dogs health and environmental risks to help you make the best decision. That is except for the discomfort of wearing a cone and not being able to jump around. When there was no noticeable occurrence of an increase in joint disorders or cancers with neutering, the guideline statement was made that those wishing to neuter should decide on the appropriate age (or briefly stated as choice in Table 1). Neutering males at <6 mo. It often manifests in unhealthy skin and coat, lethargy, and weight gain. A recent finding was that the absence of estrogen from spaying females was associated with accelerated brain aging (9). Accessibility Learn how your comment data is processed. The study population was 261 intact males, 189 neutered males, 298 intact females, and 289 spayed females for a total sample of 1,037 cases. The diagnosis was confirmed by orthopedic examination, radiographic evidence, and/or surgery. Spayed female dogs are three to four times more likely to develop a form of cancer. Neutering males any time prior to 2 years of age was associated with a significant increase in at least one joint disorder to 2324%, about a 6-fold increase over intact males (p <0.01). Shelters often perform the procedure to help reduce the number of homeless dogs. The purpose of this study was to analyze, in a variety of additional breeds, the increased risks, if any, of the above specified joint disorders and cancers associated with neutering male and female dogs at various ages, so as to increase the information available to pet owners and veterinarians for consideration when making decisions regarding neutering specific dogs. For male German Shepherd Dogs, the figures were 33 vs. 2% and for females, 29 vs. 9%. In females, the increased risk of a joint disorder with spaying occurred only at the <6 mo. Historically, the rationale for neutering or spaying dogs seems evident: no unwanted litters, no indiscriminate breeding by ill-informed owners, no bitches coming into season, and reduced aggression and roaming tendencies in males. In intact females, the occurrence of MC was 1 percent as was the occurrence with spaying at 28 years. There was no occurrence of MC in intact or spayed females and a 14 percent occurrence of PYO in intact females. However, the proportion of dogs with a disease, whether intact or neutered, was not affected by the overrepresentation of intact dogs in the database. A balance needs to be established about what is best for an individual dog.". The occurrence of MC in intact females was 5 percent and for those spayed at 28 years, 6 percent. and at 28 years was associated with a 78 percent risk in cancers which may have reached significance with a larger sample size. In this article we explain the difference between a Flat Coated Retriever vs Golden Retriever. Learn more Of interest was the possible association of early neutering and the occurrence of intervertebral disc disorders (IDD) in the Corgi and Dachshund, two breeds known to be at risk for these diseases. However, for females, one could consider delaying spaying until a year of age to avoid the risk of UI. The question is how does spaying at 12 months, which is very different from leaving a bitch intact throughout life, alter the risk? Our website is designed to help Golden Retriever owners raise their dogs to be healthy and happy.Veterinarians have written or edited every article, bringing you trusted and valuable information. It can cause both pain and difficulty when moving, which is likely to increase over time for your dog. For females, given the apparent risks of cancers with spaying at <6 mo. There was no significant increase in this measure in males or females with neutering. Joint disorders are a major concern in this breed with 8 percent of intact males and 16 percent of intact females having one or more joint disorders. While with some of the most popular breeds there were over 1,000 cases in the database, most breeds ended up with 200 to 500 cases which was sufficient for statistical analyses where the impact of neutering was substantial. There may be important genetic, breed-line differences in the occurrence of MC that are not portrayed in our database. As in other small dogs, joint disorders were rare; none of the intact males, and just 2 percent of intact females had one or more joint disorders. The study population was 49 intact males, 72 neutered males, 65 intact females, and 86 spayed females for a total sample of 272 cases. Villamil JR, Henry CJ, Hahn AW, Bryan JN, Tyler JW, Caldwell CW. Talking with your vet is the best way to decide what is best for your particular Golden Retriever. We have proposed that neutering much before the closure of growth plates allows the long bones to grow a little longer than normal, and may sufficiently disturb joint alignments in some neutered dogs to lead to a clinically-apparent joint disorder. UI was 2 percent in early-spayed females. "You can't apply the same standard to all breeds.". They also looked at the incidence of mammary cancer in females. UI was reported in just 1 percent of early-spayed females. Another important finding that holds across several breeds is that with the small-dog breeds Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Chihuahua, Corgi, Dachshund, Maltese, Pomeranian, Poodle-Toy, Pug, Shih Tzu, Yorkshire Terrier the occurrences of joint disorders were close to zero in both the intact and neutered males and females. Your veterinarian will guide you on if they want to see him again after the surgery to remove any stitches. 9 Critical Steps to Raising a Golden Retriever Puppy. None of the females left intact or spayed had a joint disorder. For large male dogs who are difficult to keep calm, a complication that can sometimes happen after their neuter is a swelling of their scrotum. While the AKC registers all the Poodle varieties as the same breed, the three main varieties are dealt with separately here because of differences in size. In most cases, the caregiver can choose the age of neutering without increasing the risks of these joint disorders or cancers. The occurrence of cancers was low for males and females left intact (0 and 3 percent, respectively). Simpson M, Albtight S, Wolfe B, Searfoss E, Street K, Diehl K, et al.. Age at gonadectomy and risk of overweight/obesity and orthopedic injury in a cohort of golden retrievers. If they develop this condition, they are likely to need an operation and ongoing medication to manage it. The perspective taken here is that it is the early occurring joint disorders and cancers that are the most impactful on the human caregivers, both emotionally and financially, as well as their dogs. The mean age of last entry was calculated for intact and neutered males and females for each breed and presented in Appendix 2. Lacking a noticeable occurrence of increased joint disorders or cancers in neutered males or females, those wishing to neuter should decide on the appropriate age. Dr. Leslie Brooks graduated from the University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine in 2012. The majority of veterinary clinics offer this service. None of the spayed females developed UI. Golden retrievers are one of the breeds that certainly should not be fixed before six months of age, and it is recommended to wait until they are at least a year old. Hence, some of the largest breeds (e.g., Great Dane, Irish Wolfhound) and smallest breeds (Miniature Schnauzer, West Highland White Terrier) were included despite lower numbers of patient records. The suggested guideline for neutering, given the significant risk of cancers, is holding off neutering of both sexes until beyond a year of age. The cancers followed in both intact and neutered males and females were <5 percent with no evident increase with neutering at any age. For females, spaying within 11 months resulted in an increase in joint disorders of 11 percent, which did not reach significance. The fact that you are reading this article shows that you care about the health and well being of your dog. It can also help protect against certain health issues. In countries where most bitches are left unspayed, the statistics are clear that intact bitches are at increased risk for mammary cancer. One resourceful tool was published results from a national health survey conducted in 1998 by the Golden Retriever Foundation and the Golden Retriever Club of America. increased the likelihood of a joint disorder to over 3-fold that of intact females, but this did not reach significance. PYO was not reported in any of the intact females. For any disease of interest that occurred before 12 months of age, the dog was removed from that disease analysis, but included in analyses of other diseases. The short answer to this question is that you shouldnt have your Golden fixed before they are one year old. None of the intact males or females had any of the cancers followed. The occurrence of MC in females left intact was 1 percent and 2 percent with spaying at 28 years. In the tables, the percentage of dogs with each of the diseases and the percentage having at least one of the joint disorders and at least one of the cancers (except MC) was calculated for intact males and intact females as well as those neutered at various age ranges. "We knew that we needed the research to be breed-specific, rather than generalizing across breeds," Hart says. Now this can be listed on both the Pro and Con list depending on your plans for the futureso we left it off the list. Given the frequency with which early neutering is performed in dogs, it seems surprising that osteoporosis has not been examined given that in humans, chronic loss of gonadal hormones is associated with osteoporosis (21). Specifically, they looked at the incidence of three joint disorders (hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, and cruciate ligament injury) and four cancers (hemangiosarcoma, osteosarcoma, lymphoma, and mast cell tumors). and 12 years was associated with increased risks of this measure to 19, 18 and 9 percent, respectively (p <0.01). So, spaying or neutering too soon significantly increases their risks. was associated with a significant increase of this measure to 11 percent (p <0.01). Just like after spaying, you should keep your male Golden calm for up to 5-7 days after his neuter procedure. Lacking a noticeable occurrence of increased joint disorders or cancers in neutered males or females, those wishing to neuter should decide on the appropriate age. and at 6-11 mo. But research now suggests that for at least some dog breeds, fixing operations should be delayed because doing it too soon can cause other health issues. Small-dog breeds Boston Terrier, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Chihuahua, Corgi, Dachshund, Maltese, Pomeranian, Poodle-Toy, Pug, Shih Tzu, Yorkshire Terrier do not appear to have an increased risk in joint disorders with neutering compared to the breeds of larger size. If you would like to learn more about us, and our team, click the button below! Although body condition scores have been reported to be a factor in the occurrence of joint disorders (3, 15), our previous studies on the retrievers and German Shepherd Dog found no significant relationship when body condition scores were compared between dogs with and without a joint disorder. In females left intact, MC was seen in 1 percent, as was PYO. In this sample, 7 percent of intact males and none of the intact females had a joint disorder. Golden Retriever Behavior After Neutering, Golden Retrievers face many health challenges, The Controversial Black Golden Retriever 2 sides to the story, Golden Retriever vs Labrador Retriever, Compare the 2 Breeds, Show Golden Retrievers vs. Field Golden Retrievers. The occurrence of PYO was 2 percent in intact females. However, most case records did not extend to that age. Salmeri KR, Bloomberg MS, Scruggs SL, Shille V. Gonadectomy in immature dogs: effects on skeletal, physical, and behavioral development, Male hypogonadisman and osteoporosis: the effects, clinical consequences, and treatment of testosterone deficiency in bone health, Determining the optimal age for gonadectomy of dogs and cats, The effect of neutering on the risk of mammary tumours in dogs a systematic review, Effects of castration on the behavior of male dogs with reference to the role of age and experience, The role of gonadal hormones in the occurrence of objectionable behaviours in dog and cats. McGreevy PD, Wilson B, Starling MJ, Serpell JA. In intact females, PYO was diagnosed in 2 percent. Careers, Edited by: Natali Krekeler, The University of Melbourne, Australia, Reviewed by: Ottmar Distl, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany; Andreas Pospischil, University of Zurich, Switzerland, This article was submitted to Animal Reproduction - Theriogenology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Veterinary Science. In this sample 23% of intact males and females were diagnosed with one or more joint disorders, and neutering males and females was not associated with any evident increased risk in joint disorders. The occurrence of MC in females left intact was 2 percent and 4 percent for those spayed at 28 years. For males, there was a significant increased risk in one or more of the cancers to 13 percent with neutering at 611 mo. For each breed represented on a separate page in Appendix 1, the numbers of intact and neutered males and females are given. had cancers (p <0.01, the two neuter periods combined). if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'goldenretrieversociety_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_18',117,'0','0'])};if(typeof __ez_fad_position!='undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-goldenretrieversociety_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0')};More studies are currently underway to further understand if there are any other cons to spaying and neutering at the correct time. A clinical animal behaviorist, Hart has devoted his career to studying the behavioral effects of castration on dogs, cats and horses. In intact males and females, the occurrences of one or more joint disorders were 8 percent and 6 percent, respectively. There was no diagnosis of UI in spayed females. An anesthetic always comes with the risk of serious complications that could result in the death of your dog. For male Labrador Retrievers, the figures were 22 vs. 8% and in females 33 vs. 10%. We are compensated for referring traffic and business to Amazon and other companies linked to on this site. With neutering males and females, there were no noteworthy increases in cancers. The cancers followed occurred at the 6 to 7 percent level in intact males and females. This measure was significantly increased to 13 percent for males neutered before 6 mo. The study population was 93 intact males, 135 neutered males, 76 intact females, and 136 spayed females for a total of 440 cases. Golden Retrievers face many health challenges, doing what we can to help them improve their odds against life altering health problems is very important. Neutering males at <6 mo., 611 mo. The instructions are intended for non-fixed dogs that get lots of exercise. But in golden retrievers, this is very marked, with the likelihood of developing the condition going up by 80%. The study population was 84 intact males, 69 neutered males, 65 intact females, and 104 spayed females for a total sample of 322 cases. No UI was reported in any of the intact or spayed females. Vulnerability to joint disorders associated with neutering is generally related to body size. It will make it look like they were not actually neutered and as if they still have testicles. It can also prevent certain health conditions and decrease unwanted behavioral issues in your much-loved Golden. Torres de la Riva G, Hart BL, Farver TB, Oberbauer AM, Messam LL, Willits N, et al.. Neutering dogs: effects on joint disorders and cancers in golden retrievers. The reason to wait until your Golden is at least 18 months old prior to spaying or neutering is to ensure they have a chance to fully go through their version of puberty. Suggested Guidelines by Breed for Age of Neutering. Thus, most breeds registered by AKC or other comparable agencies were not covered. For females, the suggested guideline, also based on limited data, given the risk of UI in early spayed females, and the possible increased risk of a joint disorder, is to consider delaying spaying until beyond 2 years of age. The suggested guideline for males, based on the occurrence of one or more cancers with neutering at 1 year, is to delay neutering until 2 years of age. In males neutered before six months of age, however, the incidence of joint disorders jumps to 23 percent, and in males neutered between six months and one year to 11 percent. In these small-dog breeds, the occurrence of cancers was low in both those kept intact and neutered. UI was not reported in any of the spayed or intact females. In fact, it decreases the risk of your dog developing uterine and ovarian cancer as well. Behavioural risks in male dogs with minimal lifetime exposure to gonadal hormones may compromise population-control benefits of desexing, The role of sex steroids in controlling pubertal growth. Another recent report from the Golden Retriever Lifetime Project is that neutering at <6 months increases the risk of cranial cruciate ligament injury (10). It can also sometimes happen if a tiny blood vessel begins to leak into the empty scrotum. In the Standard, neutering males at 1 year was associated with a highly significant increase in the risk of a cancer (mainly LSA) to over six times that of intact males, whereas in the Miniature, there was no increase in cancers with neutering but a significant increase in joint disorders (mainly CCL) with neutering at 6-11 mo. Lacking a noticeable occurrence of increased joint disorders or cancers in neutered males, those wishing to neuter a male should decide on the appropriate age. Spaying and neutering can also be done at a variety of local low-cost clinics.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[728,90],'goldenretrieversociety_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_11',603,'0','0'])};if(typeof __ez_fad_position!='undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-goldenretrieversociety_com-medrectangle-3-0')}; Complications related to spaying and neutering are very rare.
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