Add Greetings Card? The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal, 1996-2022 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated. Hyman, I. Its Alive! ; Chew, D.J. The link between outdoor access and reduced reports of ARBs cannot be explained with the data collected for this study, but possible contributing factors may include presence of stressors within the home for these cats (other cats, other animals, lack of enriched environment). You are accessing a machine-readable page. As laser power further increases, the chance of eye injury increases. ; writingoriginal draft preparation, L.R.K. When asked if they had ever sought help for a specific behavior problem, 90 (14.6%) indicated they had sought help for inappropriate elimination/house soiling, 64 (10.4%) for excessive fear/anxiety, and 43 (7.0%) for aggression. Amat, M.; de la Torre, J.L.R. This is to prevent the beam from getting in their eyes, possibly causing eye damage. Products: Slide Accessories: Light Pointer: Forbeamer presentations, slide, film and overhead projecting, screen presentations and non-contact pointing in research, medicine and industry. Tynes, V.V. These results, although correlational, suggest that laser light toys may be associated with the development of compulsive behaviors in cats, warranting further research into their use and potential risks. Feature Personalised pen with a laser poiner, LED light with an engraved wooden presentation gift box for unusual, business gifts. The mean age of respondents was 39.8 (12.3) years; median = 38 years and 88.5% identified as female. ; Lund, T. The Burden of Domestication: A Representative Study of Welfare in Privately Owned Cats in Denmark. Similarly, when asked about how they interact with their cat regularly (e.g., by cuddling/petting, playing excluding LLP play, or playing with an LLP), guardians reported spending the least amount of time in LLP play: 73.8% reported spending less than 5 min per day in LLP play. hygiene seal (cosmetics, underwear) in instances where the seal is broken ; methodology, L.R.K. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), as of April 2012 they have never received a report of eye injury from momentary exposures to laser pointers below 5 milliwatts.Similarly, three top U.K. eye experts wrote in April 2016 that laser pointers, pens or key rings if used appropriately are not an eye hazard, and even if used inappropriately will not cause permanent eye damage. Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI. Editors Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. When asked to indicate how frequently their cat engaged in several behaviors that have been identified as potential indicators of FCD (including: spins or tail chases, chases lights and/or shadows, fixates on a specific toy, stares obsessively at lights or reflections, and overgrooming), the behaviors reported most frequently include fixating on a specific toy and chasing lights and/or shadows (, In addition, respondents were asked to indicate the impact of each of these behaviors on their, or their cats, lives. Using an online, anonymous survey, we explored cat guardians use of laser light toys (e.g., reasons for and frequency of use) and reported ARBs. Playing with Your Cat. A total of 618 responses were obtained, with the largest percentage from the United States (65.5%), followed by the United Kingdom (13.9%) and Canada (8.4%). ; Manteca, X. specific requirements, perishable products and personal items sold with a Further research into the risk of laser light pointer play is essential to better understanding this important component of companion cat care. Data available by contacting the corresponding author. After viewing product detail pages, look here to find an easy way to navigate back to pages you are interested in. A total of 618 responses were analyzed, primarily female participants from the United States. Grigg, E.K. Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. Length: approx. )Deliberate staring at a beam under 5 milliwatts can cause blind spots; this has happened to drunk or stupid people. Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals, You can make submissions to other journals. Environmental Enrichment for Indoor Cats. We found significant associations between the frequency of laser light play and the occurrence of all surveyed ARBs, apart from overgrooming. First, in common with many studies based on guardian reports, the ability of these guardians to correctly identify the behaviors asked about on the survey, and their accuracy in recollecting frequencies of play and behavior, may vary. (This article belongs to the Special Issue. A series of questions from a published survey [, Next, respondents were asked a series of questions about their cat, including characteristics of the cat (such as age, sex/reproductive status, whether the cat is an indoor or outdoor cat, and whether the cat is declawed). progress in the field that systematically reviews the most exciting advances in scientific literature. Because the blink reflex has been considered to limit the exposure time, lasers with an output less than about 5 milliwatts are generally considered safe for the public to use. Tremoulet, P.D. Descriptive statistics were calculated to characterize guardians views of LLP play and their cats behaviors. It is concerning, therefore, that we did find a significant association between frequency of laser play and all forms of ARB, except overgrooming, and that LLP play was the largest predictor of ARBs. They were then asked if they let their cat catch something at the end of the play session (for example, by ending the game with the laser landing on a food treat or favorite stuffed mouse or toy). Demographic data on survey respondents and their cats are summarized in. Overall, the more frequently LLP toys were used, the more likely guardians were to report ARBs in their cats. Simply stated, the more frequently LLP toys were used, the more likely cat guardians were to report exaggerated or abnormal repetitive behaviors. Tremoulet, P.D. Overall, the more frequently LLP toys were used, the more likely guardians were to report ARBs. Compulsive disorders in dogs. Additionally, they were asked how long the cat continues to look for the light when the game is over, and the cats typical behavior at the end of the LLP play session (e.g., goes to sleep; seems agitated or upset, etc. What should be done about laser pointers? Potential Risk Factors Associated with Feline Behaviour Problems. In the same article they said over 150 permanent eye injuries have occurred in the U.K. from misuse of higher powered consumer lasers. ; Luescher, A.U. The FDA wants to make consumers aware that they should not buy these lasers for themselves or as gifts for others., If you have a Class 3B or IIIB laser (power between 5 mW and 500 mW (1/2 watt)), click the blue link for a PDF sheet about safe use:insert-for-3Bhandheld-lasers, If you have a Class 4 or IV laser (power above 500 mW (1/2 watt)), click the blue link for a PDF sheet about safe use:insert-for-Class4handheld-lasers. ; Kogan, L.R. Moon-Fanelli, A.A.; Dodman, N.H. 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The next series of questions pertained to the use of an LLP, defined as any form of play that involves light, such as a pen light or flashlight. Many cats do, in fact, seem to enjoy LLP play; among guardians who did use LLPs to play with their cats, My cat seems to enjoy it was the most commonly reported reason why (54.0% of respondents). Most respondents had a university degree (78.6%). Perspectives & Opinions / Informed advice / ion-quote. Provision of outdoor access and cat age were also significant predictors of reported ARBs: indoor-only cats, and young (12 years) cats were more likely to display ARBs. Use of laser light pointers for feline play is popular with many cat guardians. A total of 618 responses, primarily female participants from the United States, were analyzed. Gender Differences in Human-Animal Interactions: A Review. This site uses cookies. Remember that people can move unexpectedly, so keeping away from their heads is a good idea. interesting to authors, or important in this field. Three possible limitations of the study should be considered. Ellis, S.L.H. All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. ; formal analysis, L.R.K. and E.K.G. The already-concentrated light is further focused by the lens onto a sharp (diffraction-limited) dot on the retina.The power density from a 1 milliwatt laser, focused to a point, is brighter than the equivalent area of the suns surface. prior to publication. The strongest patterns were seen for behaviors which may be connected to laser light play: chasing lights or shadows, staring obsessively at lights or reflections, and fixating on a specific toy. Please note that many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled. ; Buffington, C.A.T. Use of laser light pointers for feline play is popular with many companion cat guardians. We were also interested in examining how common use of LLP play is in cat guardians; their attitudes towards this type of toy (i.e., reasons they chose to use or not use LLPs); whether or not they were familiar with the recommended modification for LLP play and employed this strategy (e.g., ending the game by providing a toy or treat); and whether or not reported ARBs had any impact on the human-animal bond. This is why in some countries such as the U.K., laser pointers are limited to 1 milliwatt or less.Safety of visible lasers relies on a blink reflex and/or aversion response where bright light causes blinking and/or moving out of the light. Upon further analysis, guardians of indoor-only cats were more likely to report ARBs than indoor/outdoor cats (only one respondent reported their cat was an outdoor-only cat, so outdoor-only cats could not be assessed). Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. ; Robinson, I.H. 2018. ; Sanson, R.L. Joyful birthday gifts under 25. Available online: International Cat Care. Stress in Owned Cats: Behavioural Changes and Welfare Implications. ; Sinn, L. Abnormal repetitive behaviors in dogs and cats: A guide for practitioners. The red bright light dot is clearly visible in daylight. Papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and undergo peer review Only about one in five cat guardians reported familiarity with the statements Laser pointers can lead to obsessive behavior (18.6%) and Too much laser pointer play can be bad for cats (21.4%). Available online: Hall, S.L. The statements, opinions and data contained in the journals are solely One-way ANOVA was conducted to assess the relationship between guardian age and reported ARBs (F(3) = 7.16.
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